Anion-Exchange Chromatography (AEX): Used for column equilibration, sample loading, and initial washes to suppress nonspecific ionic interactions during protein or nucleic acid separations.

Affinity Chromatography Washes: Applied as a high-salt wash to reduce nonspecific binding on antibody, lectin, or tag-based resins that are compatible with EDTA (not for IMAC).

Nucleic Acid Purification: Employed as an RNase-tested wash/buffering step for RNA or plasmid DNA workflows from Escherichia coli lysates; EDTA chelates divalent cations to inhibit nucleases.

Host-Cell Impurity Reduction: Utilized to remove host-cell proteins and DNA during downstream processing of biologics produced in Escherichia coli or other microbes.

Endotoxin (LPS) Mitigation: High-salt phosphate conditions aid in disrupting LPS–protein interactions during polishing steps.

Membrane/Resin Conditioning: Used for equilibration and high-ionic-strength washes of chromatography membranes, spin columns, and magnetic beads to minimize nonspecific binding.

Viral/Vector Polishing: Applied as a stringent wash in AEX or affinity-based vector purification to strip weakly bound contaminants while maintaining capsid stability.