AAV Formulation and Storage: Maintains vector stability during short- and long-term storage, minimizing aggregation and titer loss.

Freeze–Thaw Protection: Provides cryoprotection to reduce potency loss across multiple freeze–thaw cycles.

Surface Adsorption Mitigation: Reduces nonspecific binding of AAV to plastic and glass surfaces, filters, tubing, bags, and vials.

Shear Stress Protection: Protects AAV capsids during mixing, pumping, filtration, and other fluid-handling steps.

UF/DF and Buffer Exchange: Stabilizes AAV during tangential flow filtration and diafiltration operations.

Purification Hold and Dilution Steps: Preserves AAV integrity during in-process holds, intermediate storage, and dilution.

Fill–Finish and Shipping: Maintains stability during filling operations and transport to reduce titer loss.

Dose Preparation Diluent: Used as a sterile excipient/diluent to minimize vector loss in syringes and transfer lines.

Serotype-Agile Stabilization: Supports stability across multiple AAV serotypes and formulations.

Final Drug Product Excipient: Included at 1X in final AAV formulations to enhance robustness and shelf-life.