Plasmid Cloning and Propagation: Selection and growth of transformed Escherichia coli on solid medium for cloning workflows.

High-Density Colony Growth: Supports robust colony formation of Escherichia coli due to enriched 2xYT composition (1.6% Tryptone, 1.0% Yeast Extract, 0.5% NaCl, 1.5% Agar).

Antibiotic Selection: Routine selection of recombinant strains on plates supplemented with antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, kanamycin).

Colony Isolation and Streaking for Purity: Isolation of single colonies and maintenance of Escherichia coli strains.

Blue/White Screening: Alpha-complementation screening on plates supplemented with X-Gal/IPTG.

Transformation and CFU Enumeration: Plating chemically competent or electrocompetent Escherichia coli to assess transformation efficiency.

Colony PCR and Screening: Picking colonies from plates for rapid PCR-based insert verification.

Protein Expression Strain Selection: Selecting recombinant expression clones prior to liquid culture induction.

Phage Workflows: Titering filamentous bacteriophages (e.g., M13) using overlays on 2xYT agar lawns.

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Workflows: Isolation of edited Escherichia coli clones for downstream validation.