Membrane Hybridization Washes: Used for stringent and non-stringent washes in Southern, Northern, and dot blot workflows to reduce nonspecific nucleic acid binding.

DIG/Labeled Probe Detection: Provides the recommended maleic acid/high-salt environment for washing steps during anti-DIG antibody-based nucleic acid detection.

Colony and Plaque Lifts: Employed for washing nitrocellulose/nylon membranes after lifts from E. coli colonies or phage plaques prior to probe hybridization and detection.

Western Blot Washing: Maintains neutral pH and ionic strength to minimize nonspecific antibody interactions during immunoblot washes.

ELISA Plate Washing: Used between incubation steps to lower background in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Microarray and Bead-Based Assays: Supports consistent ionic strength during wash steps to enhance signal-to-noise on solid supports.

Blocking Buffer Preparation: Serves as the base buffer for preparing blocking solutions (e.g., with casein/BSA) at 1X for membrane-based assays.

Antibody/Sample Diluent: Provides a stable pH 7.5, high-salt diluent to preserve antibody performance and reduce nonspecific binding.