Western Blotting: Used as a wash buffer to minimize nonspecific antibody binding and background on membranes.

ELISA: Serves as a wash and diluent buffer to improve signal-to-noise during plate-based immunoassays.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Applied as a wash buffer between antibody incubation steps to reduce nonspecific staining in tissue sections.

Immunofluorescence (IF): Used for washing coverslips/cells to decrease background fluorescence from nonspecific antibody binding.

Antibody Dilution: Employed as a diluent for primary and secondary antibodies to maintain binding specificity.

Blocking and Wash Steps: Combined with blocking agents (e.g., BSA or non-fat milk) and used for subsequent washes to reduce background.

Bead-Based Immunoassays: Utilized as a wash buffer for magnetic or agarose bead capture assays to improve assay specificity.

Protein Microarrays: Functions as a wash buffer to lower nonspecific interactions on array surfaces.

General Laboratory Washing: Applied in routine washing steps for membranes, plates, and slides where mild detergent aids in removing loosely bound proteins.