Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS) Preparation: Used as a 1M Tris-HCl stock to make TBS at pH 7.4 for Western blotting, ELISA, and immunostaining.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH 7.4 environment for enzymatic reactions and kinetic measurements.

Antibody and Reagent Diluent: Serves as a buffering base to maintain pH during antibody and reagent dilutions.

Nucleic Acid Workflows: Used to prepare Tris-based buffers (e.g., TE variants) and for DNA/RNA resuspension and dilution.

Protein Purification: Component of equilibration, wash, and elution buffers to maintain physiological pH during chromatography.

Electrophoresis Buffer Preparation: Stock for Tris-based systems (e.g., Tris-glycine, TAE/TBE) to achieve target pH in gel electrophoresis.

Cell and Tissue Lysis Buffers: Maintains pH in lysis/extraction buffers for proteins and subcellular fractionation.

PCR/qPCR Buffering: Tris-HCl component in amplification buffers to stabilize pH during thermal cycling.

Dialysis and Desalting: Used to formulate dialysis and desalting buffers at pH 7.4.

General pH Adjustment: Convenient 1M stock for rapid pH adjustment of biological samples and buffers to pH 7.4.