Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR/qPCR/RT-PCR): Maintains optimal pH for DNA and RNA polymerases in amplification workflows.

Gel Electrophoresis: Component of Tris-based buffers for SDS-PAGE/native PAGE gels and running buffers to ensure stable pH during separations.

Protein Purification: Used in ion-exchange, affinity, and size-exclusion chromatography buffers to stabilize proteins at pH 7.5.

Enzyme Assays: Provides consistent pH for enzymatic reactions and kinetic measurements.

Western Blotting: Prepares Tris-Glycine transfer buffer and TBS/TBST wash buffers for blotting and detection.

Nucleic Acid Extraction/Purification: Included in RNase/DNase-free lysis, wash, and elution buffers for DNA/RNA workflows.

DNA/RNA Storage and Resuspension: Preparation of TE and related Tris-based buffers for nucleic acid stabilization.

Restriction Digests and Ligation: Supports optimal pH in endonuclease reactions and DNA ligation setups.

Cell Lysis and Sample Preparation: Buffering for gentle lysis and resuspension of microbial cells (e.g., E. coli).

Immunoassays (ELISA): Preparation of TBS-based coating, blocking, and wash buffers for consistent assay performance.