Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Used as a buffering component to maintain pH in PCR/qPCR reaction mixes.

Gel Electrophoresis: Component of TAE/TBE for nucleic acid gels and Tris-Glycine/SDS-PAGE running buffers, providing stable pH.

Nucleic Acid Preparation and Storage: Formulates TE buffer (e.g., 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) for DNA/RNA extraction, resuspension, and storage.

Restriction Digests and Ligation: Provides pH control in enzyme reaction buffers for restriction enzymes and DNA ligases.

Western Blotting: Used in Tris-Glycine transfer buffers for protein transfer to membranes.

Protein Purification: Utilized in ion-exchange and general chromatography buffers to maintain stable pH during binding and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides consistent pH for kinetic assays and activity measurements.

Plasmid Preparation: Included in neutralization and wash buffers during alkaline lysis of E. coli for plasmid DNA isolation.