Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Component of PCR/qPCR buffers to maintain stable pH for polymerase activity.

Gel Electrophoresis: Preparation of Tris-based buffers (e.g., TAE/TBE) for agarose DNA/RNA gels and sample handling.

Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS/TBST): Used to prepare wash and antibody dilution buffers for Western blotting and ELISA.

Protein Purification: Buffering for affinity and ion-exchange chromatography at pH 7.5 to stabilize protein structure.

Enzyme Assays: Provides consistent pH for enzymatic reactions and activity measurements.

DNA/RNA Workflows: Used to make TE and other Tris-based buffers for nucleic acid extraction, resuspension, and storage.

Bacterial Lysis Buffers: Included in lysis and neutralization buffers for plasmid prep from E. coli and other bacteria.

Protein Dialysis/Storage: Serves as a base buffer for dialysis and long-term protein stabilization at pH 7.5.