PCR/qPCR Buffer Component: Neutral-pH 20mM Tris used to prepare or adjust reaction buffers for polymerase activity.

Nucleic Acid Handling: Resuspension and dilution of DNA/RNA at pH 7.4 to maintain integrity.

Protein Purification: Equilibration, wash, and elution buffer base for ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography at neutral pH.

Enzyme Assays: Provides stable 20mM Tris, pH 7.4 conditions for enzymatic kinetics and activity tests.

Buffer Exchange/Dialysis: Used as dialysis or desalting buffer to exchange samples into a defined neutral Tris buffer.

Protein Storage: Base buffer for protein stabilization at pH 7.4 with optional additives (salt, glycerol, reducers).

Immunoassays (ELISA/Western): Base to prepare TBS/TBST and plate wash/diluent buffers.

Electrophoresis Buffer Prep: Component for Tris-based buffers used in gel electrophoresis workflows.

Cell and Bacterial Workflows: Sterile wash/resuspension buffer for pellets and competent cells (e.g., E. coli).

Sample Preparation/Dilution: pH-controlled diluent for biomolecules prior to analysis or downstream processing.