Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Provides a stable pH environment for PCR and qPCR master mixes and reactions.

Gel Electrophoresis: Used to prepare Tris-based buffers (e.g., TAE, TBE, Tris–glycine) for DNA, RNA, and protein electrophoresis.

Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS/TBST): Base component for wash and blocking buffers in ELISA and Western blotting.

Nucleic Acid Resuspension and Storage: Forms the Tris component of TE buffer for stable DNA/RNA dissolution and preservation.

Protein Purification: Maintains pH in chromatography buffers (ion exchange, SEC) and during dialysis and concentration.

Enzyme Assays: Ensures consistent pH for enzymatic reactions and kinetic measurements.

Cell Lysis and Extraction: pH component in lysis buffers (e.g., RIPA, NP-40) for protein and nucleic acid extraction.

NGS and Library Prep: Nuclease-tested diluent and buffer base for DNA/RNA workflows requiring RNase/DNase control.