Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Used to prepare PCR and qPCR buffers that maintain optimal pH for polymerase activity.

Gel Electrophoresis: Used to prepare resolving gel buffer for SDS-PAGE (Laemmli system, pH 8.8) and native PAGE gel buffers.

Western Blotting: Used to prepare Tris-Glycine transfer buffer and Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for transfer, washing, and blocking steps.

Protein Purification: Buffer component for ion-exchange chromatography and FPLC to maintain stable pH during binding and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a consistent pH environment for enzymatic reactions and kinetic measurements.

Sample Preparation and Lysis: Used in lysis and dilution buffers to stabilize proteins and nucleic acids.

DNA/RNA Workflows: Component for preparing Tris-based buffers (e.g., TE) for nucleic acid extraction, purification, and storage.

Dialysis and Buffer Exchange: Maintains target pH during protein dialysis and buffer exchange procedures.