Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Used to prepare and adjust buffer pH for optimal DNA polymerase activity.

Gel Electrophoresis: Component of TAE/TBE and Tris-Glycine buffers for consistent pH during DNA and protein separation.

DNA/RNA Purification and Storage: Preparation of TE and related buffers for nucleic acid stabilization and resuspension.

Protein Purification: Used in anion exchange, affinity, and dialysis buffers to maintain stable pH during purification.

Western Blotting: Preparation of Tris-Glycine transfer buffers and TBS/TBST wash buffers.

Restriction Digests and Ligation: Provides optimal pH conditions for restriction enzymes and T4 DNA ligase.

Enzyme Assays and Storage Buffers: Maintains consistent pH for enzymatic activity and protein stability.

Cell Lysis and Plasmid Preparation: Tris-based lysis/resuspension buffers for plasmid isolation from Escherichia coli.

qPCR/RT-qPCR: Buffer component to control pH during reverse transcription and amplification.

Immunoassays (ELISA): Preparation of TBS-based coating and wash buffers.