Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS) Preparation: Forms the Tris component for TBS/TBST at pH 7.4 used in Western blotting, ELISA, and immunostaining washes.

Protein Purification: Used to make equilibration, wash, and elution buffers for ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography at neutral pH.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH 7.4 environment for enzymes with neutral pH optima, improving activity and stability.

Cell and Bacterial Lysis Buffers: Included in lysis and extraction buffers for proteins from mammalian cells and E. coli at physiological pH.

Dialysis and Desalting: Serves as a buffering agent in dialysis/exchange buffers to maintain protein conformation during cleanup.

Nucleic Acid Handling: Used for neutral-pH dilution and short-term storage of DNA/RNA and preparation of Tris-based wash buffers.

Immunoassays (ELISA/IFA): Buffers coating, blocking, and wash steps to reduce background and maintain antigen integrity.

pH Adjustment of Reagents: Added as a concentrated stock to rapidly set and maintain pH 7.4 in biochemical solutions.

Chromatography Sample Prep: Buffers sample dilution and clarification prior to loading onto columns to match column conditions.

General Laboratory Buffer: Serves as a versatile neutral buffer for routine workflows requiring physiological pH stability.