Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Buffers PCR and qPCR mixes with 1M Tris-HCl to maintain optimal pH for polymerase activity.

Gel Electrophoresis: Prepares Tris-based running and buffering solutions (e.g., TAE/TBE for nucleic acids, Tris-Glycine/Tris-Tricine for proteins) to ensure stable pH during separation.

Nucleic Acid Purification and Storage: Forms TE and elution buffers for DNA/RNA extraction, cleanup, and resuspension using 1M Tris-HCl for pH control.

Protein Purification: Used in ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography buffers to maintain a stable pH during binding and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides consistent pH 7.2 conditions for enzymatic kinetics and activity assays.

Western Blotting: Prepares Tris-based transfer buffers and TBS/TBST wash buffers for blotting and immunodetection.

Cell Lysis and Extraction: Component of lysis and resuspension buffers for bacterial (e.g., Escherichia coli) and mammalian cells.

Molecular Cloning: Buffers restriction digests, ligations, and competent cell recovery solutions with 1M Tris-HCl.

Hybridization and Nucleic Acid Workflows: Stabilizes pH in denaturation/renaturation and probe hybridization buffers.

General Buffer Preparation: Serves as a stock to quickly make working-strength Tris buffers at pH 7.2 for assays and reagent dilution.