Nucleic Acid Storage: Preserves genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, and RNA by maintaining pH and chelating divalent cations to inhibit nucleases.

Plasmid Resuspension: Used to resuspend and store plasmid DNA isolated from Escherichia coli for downstream applications.

Elution Buffer: Employed for eluting DNA/RNA from spin columns or magnetic beads after purification.

Oligonucleotide Resuspension: Used to dissolve and store primers, probes, and synthetic oligos.

Sample Dilution: Serves as a diluent for DNA/RNA prior to sequencing, qPCR, or cloning (EDTA helps protect from nucleases).

Nuclease Inactivation/Quenching: Chelates Mg2+ to halt Mg2+-dependent enzymatic reactions (e.g., polymerases, nucleases).

Library Storage: Stabilizes NGS libraries, cDNA, and amplicon pools for short- and mid-term storage.

Quantification Prep: Provides a consistent background for spectrophotometric (A260/280) or fluorometric nucleic acid quantification.

Cloning Workflows: Maintains DNA integrity during ligation setup, colony PCR template prep, and archive stocks from E. coli minipreps.

Transport Buffer: Protects DNA samples during shipment or transfers between labs.