Nucleic Acid Hybridization (SSC Buffer): Used to prepare SSC for Southern/Northern blots, in situ hybridization, and microarray wash buffers.

Antigen Retrieval (IHC): Serves as citrate buffer pH 6.0 for heat-induced epitope retrieval of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable acidic-range buffer (pH ~3–6) for enzymatic activity and kinetic measurements.

Protein Purification/Chromatography: Employed in elution and conditioning buffers, including chelation of Ca2+-dependent interactions.

Anticoagulant Buffer Preparation: Stock to formulate diluted citrate anticoagulant solutions for plasma preparation and cell processing.

Microbiology Media (Citrate Utilization Tests): Used to prepare Simmons citrate agar for differentiating organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae from Escherichia coli.

General Buffer/Formulation: Applied to adjust pH and ionic strength in molecular biology and bioprocess workflows.