Nucleic Acid Precipitation: 0.1M Sodium Acetate (pH 3.5) used with ethanol or isopropanol to precipitate DNA and RNA.

DNA Cleanup and Gel Extraction: Provides acidic buffering during post-extraction cleanup to improve nucleic acid recovery.

Cation-Exchange Chromatography: Serves as a low-pH buffer for binding and elution of proteins on cation-exchange resins.

HPLC/UPLC Mobile Phase Additive: Used as an acidic buffer component for peptide and protein separations.

Enzyme Assays at Acidic pH: Maintains stable low pH for acid-stable enzymes and activity measurements.

Buffer Exchange and Formulation: Adjusts and maintains acidic conditions during desalting and protein formulation.

Mass Spectrometry Sample Prep: Provides controlled acidic pH to enhance analyte stability and ionization consistency.

Endotoxin-Sensitive Bioprocessing: Endotoxin-tested, sterile buffer for polishing and handling recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli).