Protein Purification: Commonly used as an equilibration, wash, and elution buffer for ion exchange, affinity, and size-exclusion chromatography at physiological pH.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH 7.2 environment for enzyme kinetics, stability studies, and activity measurements.

Western Blotting and ELISA: Serves as the base for PBS/PBST in blocking, washing, and antibody incubation steps.

Cell and Bacterial Culture: Used to buffer media and prepare PBS for washing, resuspending, and diluting cells, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Nucleic Acid Workflows: Employed for DNA/RNA sample dilution, storage, and cleanup where phosphate compatibility is desired.

Dialysis and Desalting: Acts as a physiological buffer for protein dialysis, buffer exchange, and desalting procedures.

Immunohistochemistry and Microscopy: Used as a wash and incubation buffer to maintain antigen integrity and reduce background.

Vaccine and Biologic Formulation: Provides isotonic, pH-stable conditions for antigen, protein, and peptide formulations.

Sample Preparation and Dilution: Maintains pH during preparation of standards, controls, and reference materials.

Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Assays: Supports colorimetric and fluorescent readouts that require phosphate buffering at pH 7.2.