Cell Culture Washes: Rinsing and maintaining mammalian cells and tissues without disturbing osmolarity.

Sample Dilution and Reagent Reconstitution: Isotonic buffer for preparing standards, antibodies, and biological samples.

Immunoassays (ELISA): Plate washing, diluent, and sample handling at physiological pH.

Flow Cytometry: Cell staining, washing, and resuspension to preserve cell integrity.

Immunofluorescence and Microscopy: Washing and handling cells/tissues during staining workflows.

Western Blotting: Membrane washing and antibody dilution when phosphate-compatible.

Bacterial Workflows: Suspension and washing of Escherichia coli and other laboratory bacteria.

Nucleic Acid Handling: General-purpose buffer for DNA/RNA sample handling where divalent cation chelation is not required.

Cell and Tissue Transport: Short-term storage and transport of specimens at neutral pH.

Instrument and Surface Rinses: Rinsing labware and instruments to remove residual media or reagents.