Cell Culture Rinsing: Diluted to 1X for washing adherent and suspension cells to maintain isotonic conditions without affecting cell viability.

Immunostaining (IHC/IF) Washes: Used as a wash buffer to reduce background during immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence workflows.

ELISA Wash and Diluent: Employed as a plate wash buffer and for diluting antibodies and standards (often as PBS or PBS-T).

Western Blot Washes: Utilized as PBS or PBS-T for membrane washing to minimize nonspecific binding.

Flow Cytometry: Used for cell washing and resuspension to preserve cell integrity and scatter properties.

Microbiology Cell Handling: Applied for resuspension, washing, and dilution of bacterial cultures such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Tissue and Organ Rinsing: Used for tissue perfusion and sample transport to maintain physiological pH and osmolarity.

Antibody and Protein Dilution: Provides a stable, isotonic buffer for preparing working solutions and dilutions.

General Reagent Preparation: Serves as a neutral buffer for preparing 1X PBS-based solutions across molecular and cell biology protocols.

Microscopy Sample Handling: Used for rinsing coverslips and maintaining samples during imaging.