RNA Gel Electrophoresis: Used as the buffering component in MOPS–formaldehyde agarose gels for RNA separation and Northern blotting.

Protein Electrophoresis: Serves as a running buffer (e.g., Bis-Tris/MOPS systems) to provide stable pH 7.0 for SDS-PAGE and native PAGE.

Protein Purification: Employed in ion-exchange and affinity chromatography to maintain a neutral pH during binding, wash, and elution steps.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a consistent pH 7.0 environment for enzymatic reactions and kinetic measurements.

Cell and Microbial Culture: Buffers defined and minimal media (e.g., LB–MOPS) to stabilize pH during growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other bacteria.

Bioprocessing and Fermentation: Used to control and adjust pH in bioreactors for recombinant protein and vaccine production; sterile, endotoxin-tested quality supports downstream applications.

Sample Preparation and Storage: Formulates neutral pH buffers for protein and antibody preparation, dilution, and short-term storage.

Diagnostic and Assay Manufacturing: Provides a clean, sterile, endotoxin-tested buffer base for kit reagents and QC processes.