Gel Electrophoresis (Proteins): Used as MOPS SDS running buffer with Bis-Tris gels (e.g., NuPAGE) to maintain near-neutral pH for protein separation.

Gel Electrophoresis (RNA): Employed in MOPS–formaldehyde agarose gels to preserve RNA integrity and provide stable pH during denaturing electrophoresis.

Protein Purification: Included in ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography buffers to maintain pH 7.4 during binding and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable, minimally interfering buffer near pH 7 for accurate enzymatic activity and kinetic measurements.

Cell Culture and Bacterial Media: Buffers defined and minimal media (e.g., MOPS minimal medium) for growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Bioprocessing and Fermentation: Maintains controlled pH in shake flasks and bioreactors for bacterial and mammalian processes.

Sample Preparation and Storage: Stabilizes proteins and antibodies in lysis, extraction, and storage buffers at physiological pH.

Western Blot Workflows: Compatible with Bis-Tris gel systems where MOPS running buffer is used prior to membrane transfer.