Cell Culture Buffering: Maintains stable pH in mammalian and microbial media (e.g., Escherichia coli) under CO2-independent conditions.

Gel Electrophoresis: Used as the MES-SDS running buffer for Bis-Tris gels, providing consistent pH for protein separation.

Protein Purification: Buffers anion-exchange chromatography and low-pH steps, stabilizing protein charge states during binding and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides stable pH ~5.5–6.7 for acid-range enzymatic kinetics and activity measurements.

Dialysis and Storage Buffers: Maintains protein stability and solubility near pH 6 during buffer exchange and short-term storage.

Nucleic Acid Workflows: Buffers DNA/RNA purification and handling steps where phosphate or Tris are undesirable.

Protein Extraction and Lysis: Used in lysis and extraction buffers to preserve protein integrity at mildly acidic pH.

Bacterial Electroporation: Included in low-conductivity buffers for transformation of Escherichia coli and related strains.