Antibiotic Selection of Transformants: Selects for plasmid-bearing E. coli carrying bla (beta-lactamase) using 50µg/mL carbenicillin on LB agar (1.0% Tryptone, 0.5% Yeast extract, 1.0% NaCl, 1.5% Agar).

Cloning and Transformation Workflows: Recovery and plating of competent-cell transformants to obtain individual colonies for downstream cloning steps.

Colony Screening: Picking colonies for colony PCR, restriction analysis, and miniprep seed cultures to verify inserts.

Blue-White Screening: Screening recombinant clones on plates supplemented with X-gal/IPTG for alpha-complementation on carbenicillin selection.

Strain Maintenance: Streaking for single colonies and short-term maintenance of plasmid-bearing E. coli prior to liquid culture.

Glycerol Stock Preparation: Isolating well-isolated colonies to start cultures for long-term frozen stocks.

CFU Enumeration: Determining transformation efficiency and plating efficiency by colony counting under carbenicillin selection.

Library and Variant Screening: Plating combinatorial libraries or mutagenesis pools for high-throughput colony picking.

High-Density and Replica Plating: Using 100×100 mm square format for gridding, replica plating, and arraying colonies.

Pre-Expression Construct Validation: Verifying plasmid presence from colonies before small-scale expression testing in E. coli.