Antibiotic Selection of E. coli Transformants: Simultaneous selection and maintenance of plasmids with kanamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline resistance markers (50/7/12.5 µg/mL).

Blue/White Colony Screening: Visual identification of lacZ α-complementation using Bluo-Gal (100 µg/mL) and IPTG (40 µg/mL) to distinguish insert-containing clones.

Multi-Plasmid Co-Transformation: Stable maintenance of multiple plasmids with orthogonal antibiotic markers in E. coli.

Library and Mutant Screening: High-throughput screening of genomic/cDNA libraries or mutant collections via colorimetric readout.

Colony-Based Expression Checks: IPTG-induced assessment of lac-based promoter activity directly on plates.

Replica Plating and Strain Verification: Confirmation of genotype/phenotype under combined antibiotic pressure.

Colony Picking and Archiving: Selection of verified colonies for downstream culturing and glycerol stock preparation.

Colony PCR Initiation: Rapid screening of transformants post-selection for insert verification.