Cloning and Transformation Selection: Dual-antibiotic selection of recombinant E. coli transformants carrying kanamycin- and spectinomycin-resistance markers.

Plasmid Maintenance: Stable propagation of two-plasmid systems in E. coli requiring 50 µg/mL kanamycin and 100 µg/mL spectinomycin.

Co-Transformation Screening: Recovery and screening of colonies co-transformed with kanamycin- and spectinomycin-marked constructs.

CRISPR/Cas Workflows: Selection of genome edits using dual-marker CRISPR plasmids or helper/effector plasmid pairs in E. coli.

Conjugation and Mating Assays: Post-mating selection of transconjugants carrying both kanamycin and spectinomycin resistance.

Transposon Mutagenesis: Isolation of insertion mutants marked with kanamycin and spectinomycin resistance cassettes.

Expression Studies: Maintenance of dual-plasmid expression systems (vector + helper) under combined antibiotic pressure.

Strain Verification and Archiving: Streaking and passaging to confirm retention of kanR/specR markers before glycerol stock preparation of E. coli strains.

Synthetic Biology Assembly: Selection of multi-part assemblies and modular constructs utilizing kanamycin and spectinomycin backbones.

Enterobacteriaceae Research: General selection and maintenance of engineered lab strains of E. coli and related organisms like Salmonella enterica on LB agar.