Antibiotic Selection of Transformants: Selects spectinomycin-resistant colonies (100 µg/mL spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate) on LB base (1.0% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 1.0% NaCl, 1.5% agar).

Plasmid Cloning and Maintenance: Maintains plasmids carrying spectinomycin/aadA resistance markers in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Bacterial Transformation Plating: Recovers and plates chemically competent or electrocompetent E. coli for colony isolation under spectinomycin selection.

Colony Screening and Pick-and-Patch: Screens recombinant colonies (e.g., PCR colony checks) while enforcing spectinomycin selection.

Strain Maintenance and Streaking: Short-term maintenance of spectinomycin-resistant lab strains on solid LB.

CRISPR/Cassette Selection: Selects edits introduced with spectinomycin resistance cassettes in E. coli.

Shuttle Vector Workflows: Maintains spectinomycin-marked shuttle plasmids between E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Titering and Efficiency Testing: Quantifies transformation efficiency under spectinomycin selection using serial dilutions.