Protein Formulation and Stabilization: Buffering excipient for biologics to minimize aggregation and maintain stability at pH 6.0.

AAV and Other Viral Vector Formulation: Used as a gentle 20mM Histidine Hydrochloride buffer for formulation and storage to preserve capsid integrity.

Cation Exchange Chromatography: Serves as equilibration, wash, and elution buffer component near pI-sensitive ranges to maintain consistent pH during protein purification.

Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration (UF/DF): Employed as a diafiltration buffer for buffer exchange into a mild, low-ionic-strength system.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a controlled pH 6.0 environment for enzymes with acidic optima, improving activity and kinetic reproducibility.

Dialysis and Desalting: Used as an external buffer to gently remove salts or exchange into formulation-compatible conditions.

Analytical Sample Preparation: Serves as dilution and stabilization buffer for SEC-HPLC or DLS to assess protein size and aggregation.

Conjugation Reactions: Supports pH-sensitive chemistries (e.g., EDC/NHS) by maintaining a near-neutral, mildly acidic environment.

Lyophilization Buffers: Functions as a stabilizing buffer/excipient during freeze-drying and reconstitution of proteins.

General pH Control in Bioprocessing: Maintains a consistent 20mM Histidine Hydrochloride pH 6.0 background in process intermediates and formulation steps.