Cell Culture Buffering: Added to DMEM/RPMI and other media to stabilize extracellular pH during incubation and handling outside CO2 incubators.

Live-Cell Imaging: Maintains stable pH for fluorescence microscopy and real-time cellular assays with minimal autofluorescence.

Transfection and Electroporation: Provides a stable pH environment that supports nucleic acid delivery efficiency and cell viability.

Enzyme Assays: Offers temperature-resistant buffering capacity for accurate kinetic measurements near physiological pH.

Protein Purification: Used in affinity and ion-exchange chromatography buffers to maintain consistent pH during binding and elution.

Cell Lysis and Extraction: Included in lysis and wash buffers to protect protein structure and activity during isolation.

Immunoassays: Stabilizes pH in ELISA, western blot incubation, and antibody conjugation buffers.

Nucleic Acid Workflows: Used in PCR/qPCR and reverse transcription buffers to provide stable pH across temperature changes.

Bacterial Culture Media: Buffers defined media for growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis to reduce pH drift.

In Vitro Transcription/Translation: Maintains reaction pH for RNA synthesis and cell-free protein expression systems.