Protein Formulation and Stabilization: Used as a buffering excipient around pH 6 to enhance stability of antibodies, enzymes, vaccines, and viral vectors.

Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Serves as an equilibration, wash, or elution buffer in cation-exchange workflows at pH 6.0.

Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC): Employed as an alternative eluent/additive to imidazole for His-tagged protein purification.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH ~6 environment for enzymes with acidic optima, supporting reproducible kinetics.

Buffer Preparation and pH Adjustment: Used as a 0.5 M stock to prepare working buffers and adjust systems to pH 6.0 by dilution.

Tangential Flow Filtration/Diafiltration: Acts as a formulation and exchange buffer during concentration and buffer-exchange steps.

Bioprocessing and Fill-Finish: Included in formulation buffers for biologics to reduce aggregation and metal-catalyzed oxidation during processing and storage.