Yeast GAL Promoter Induction: Drives GAL1/GAL10-controlled gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for plasmid selection, reporters, and functional studies.

Carbon Source in Defined Media: Serves as a non-glucose carbon source in synthetic and minimal media (e.g., SC-Gal, M9+galactose) for yeast and E. coli cultivation.

Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast: Enables controlled expression of recombinant proteins under GAL promoters in shake flasks and bioreactors.

Yeast Two-Hybrid and Reporter Assays: Provides inducer sugar for GAL-driven reporters in two-hybrid systems and transcription assays.

Metabolic Selection and Phenotyping: Supports selection and characterization of galactose-utilization mutants (gal mutants) and growth assays in yeast and E. coli.

Catabolite Repression Studies: Used to compare transcriptional regulation and metabolism under galactose versus glucose in microbial and mammalian systems.

Glycosylation and Galactosylation Studies: Supplemented to probe glycan biosynthesis, galactose rescue experiments, and Leloir pathway flux in cells.

Enzyme Activity Assays: Substrate for measuring activities of Leloir pathway enzymes (GalK, GalT, GalE) in bacterial lysates such as E. coli.