Protein Electrophoresis (Bis-Tris gels): Used as the buffering system (diluted from 1M Bis-Tris) with MES or MOPS for SDS-PAGE and native PAGE to maintain near-neutral pH and improve protein stability and resolution.

Western Blotting: Supports Bis-Tris gel workflows and transfer buffers to preserve protein integrity and achieve sharper bands.

Protein Purification: Employed in ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography buffers at pH ~6.0 to provide low metal binding and stable conditions during elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH 5.8–7.2 environment (prepared from 1M Bis-Tris) for accurate kinetic measurements and enzyme stability.

Protein and Antibody Formulation/Storage: Serves as a formulation buffer around pH 6 to enhance protein stability and minimize degradation.

Sample Preparation and Buffer Exchange: Used for dialysis, desalting, and resuspension to maintain consistent pH during downstream analyses.