Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR/qPCR): Prepares Tris-HCl–based reaction and dilution buffers to maintain optimal pH for polymerase activity.

Gel Electrophoresis (Proteins): Used to make Tris-HCl resolving and stacking gels and Tris-Glycine running buffers for SDS-PAGE and native PAGE.

Western Blotting: Formulates TBS/TBST transfer and wash buffers to preserve protein integrity and antibody binding.

Protein Purification: Buffers for ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, ensuring stable pH during binding, wash, and elution.

Enzyme Assays: Provides controlled pH in assay and storage buffers to support reliable enzyme kinetics.

Nucleic Acid Handling: Prepares TE (Tris-EDTA) and related buffers for DNA/RNA extraction, storage, and resuspension.

Cell Lysis and Sample Prep: Component of Tris-based lysis buffers (e.g., RIPA, Tris lysis) for protein extraction.

Immunoassays (ELISA/IFA): Used in coating, blocking, and wash buffers to stabilize antigen–antibody interactions.

Hybridization and Molecular Biology Workflows: Maintains pH in hybridization, ligation, and restriction enzyme buffers.

General Buffer Preparation and pH Adjustment: Concentrated stock to rapidly formulate Tris-HCl buffers at desired pH and molarity.