Western Blotting: Blocks membranes to reduce non-specific antibody binding and background prior to probing.

ELISA: Coats plates to prevent non-specific adsorption of proteins, improving assay sensitivity and specificity.

Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Minimizes background staining in tissue and cell imaging workflows.

Flow Cytometry: Reduces non-specific antibody interactions during cell staining to improve signal-to-noise.

Lateral Flow Assays: Blocks nitrocellulose and conjugate pads to limit background and enhance test line clarity.

Protein Microarrays: Blocks slide surfaces to prevent non-specific binding and cross-reactivity between spots.

Bead-Based Immunoassays: Minimizes non-specific interactions on magnetic or polystyrene beads in multiplex assays.

Sample and Reagent Diluent: Serves as a low-background diluent for antibodies, antigens, and lysates (including Escherichia coli), preserving activity while limiting off-target binding.