Cell Culture Washing and Resuspension: Maintains physiological osmolarity and ionic balance during washing and handling of adherent and suspension cells.

Flow Cytometry: Serves as a staining and wash buffer that supports cell integrity and receptor function with Mg2+ and K+ present.

Immunofluorescence/Immunocytochemistry: Used for washing and antibody dilutions to preserve cell morphology and antigenicity.

ELISA and Western Blot Washes: Provides consistent ionic conditions for washing plates and membranes to reduce nonspecific binding.

Bacterial Cell Handling: Used to wash, resuspend, and dilute cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus without EDTA interference.

Phage Work: Supports bacteriophage adsorption and handling due to the presence of Mg2+.

Tissue and Organ Rinsing: Rinses and transports tissues while maintaining near-physiological ionic conditions.

Microscopy: Provides a clear, isotonic medium for live-cell imaging and routine sample handling.

Reagent and Antibody Dilution: Dilutes proteins, antibodies, and dyes while preserving activity in ion-dependent applications.

General Sample Preparation: Buffers samples and maintains pH during preparation, fractionation, and storage.