Bacterial Colony Growth and Isolation: Robust colony formation of Escherichia coli on rich solid medium (2xYT: 1.6% Tryptone, 1.0% Yeast Extract, 0.5% Sodium Chloride, 1.8% Agar).

Plasmid Cloning and Transformation Plating: Selection of Escherichia coli transformants on antibiotic-containing plates after cloning workflows.

Blue–White Screening: Screening recombinant clones on 2xYT agar supplemented with X-gal/IPTG.

Phage Plaque Assays: Host lawns of Escherichia coli for propagation and titration of M13/filamentous bacteriophages.

Phage Display and Library Screening: Plating and amplification of phage libraries using Escherichia coli hosts.

Strain Maintenance and Colony Picking: Routine passaging and isolation of Escherichia coli for glycerol stock preparation.

Colony PCR Screening: Growing colonies suitable for downstream PCR verification of inserts in Escherichia coli.

Recombinant Protein Expression Screening: Selecting positive Escherichia coli expression clones prior to liquid culture.

Conjugation/Transduction Selection: Selection of recipients and transductants on rich agar with appropriate antibiotics.

Teaching and QC Plating: Aseptic technique demos and colony enumeration with Escherichia coli on nutrient-rich agar.