Enzyme Assays (Acidic pH): Provides a stable 0.5M Tris-Maleic Acid buffer at pH 5.0 for acid phosphatases, glycosidases, and acid proteases.

Protein Purification (Ion Exchange): Maintains pH 5.0 during cation/anion exchange workflows to optimize binding or elution of target proteins.

Protein Storage and Refolding: Serves as a pH 5.0 storage/refolding buffer for proteins with acidic stability profiles.

Dialysis and Buffer Exchange: Used to transition samples into a controlled pH 5.0 environment while preserving protein integrity.

Tissue and Cell Extraction: Buffers extracts at pH 5.0 to protect acid-stable enzymes and reduce unwanted proteolysis.

Microbial Physiology Studies: Provides a defined pH 5.0 environment for acid-tolerant microbes such as Lactobacillus and Acetobacter.

Immunoaffinity Elution (Mild Acid): Enables gentle elution of antibody–antigen complexes or protein A/G–bound proteins at pH 5.0.

Histochemical Staining: Used as a pH 5.0 buffer for assays such as acid phosphatase staining in cells and tissues.