Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (DNA/RNA): Used as a running and gel-casting buffer (typically 1X or 0.5X) for high-resolution separation of nucleic acids.

Denaturing PAGE for DNA Sequencing: Serves as the buffer system for urea-PAGE, enabling high-accuracy sequencing and oligonucleotide sizing.

Native PAGE of Nucleic Acids: Provides stable pH and ionic strength for non-denaturing separation of double- and single-stranded DNA/RNA.

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): Commonly used at 0.5X TBE for resolving large DNA fragments with uniform heat dissipation.

Pre-Blot Electrophoresis (Southern/Northern): Employed during nucleic acid separation prior to transfer and hybridization workflows.

Nuclease Inhibition in Sample Handling: EDTA chelation of divalent cations helps protect DNA/RNA during dilution and short-term processing.