Nucleic Acid Precipitation: 5M Sodium Chloride Solution is added with ethanol or isopropanol to precipitate DNA/RNA and enhance yield.

Buffer and Media Preparation: Used to set ionic strength in PBS, SSC, and other saline buffers for molecular biology workflows.

Protein Purification: Provides controlled salt gradients for ion-exchange chromatography and reduces nonspecific interactions during wash/elution.

Hybridization and Washes: Adjusts stringency in nucleic acid hybridization (e.g., SSC-based washes) for blots and in situ assays.

Immunoassays: Maintains physiological ionic strength in assay buffers (e.g., saline/TBS variants) to optimize antigen–antibody binding.

Bacterial Culture and Media Osmolarity: Tunes salinity in growth media for organisms such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Osmotic Shock Protocols: Enables periplasmic protein release and cell fractionation via controlled osmolarity changes, especially in Escherichia coli.

Sample Dilution and Storage: Supplies RNase/DNase-tested, sterile saline conditions for preparing and storing DNA, RNA, and protein samples.