Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Standard buffer for Southern and Northern blot probe hybridization, providing ionic strength and pH control.

Hybridization Washes: Used at various dilutions (e.g., 2X, 1X, 0.5X, 0.1X) to modulate stringency during post-hybridization washes.

Microarray Workflows: Employed for probe hybridization and wash steps on DNA/RNA microarrays.

In Situ Hybridization (including FISH): Serves as a salt/citrate buffer for probe hybridization and washing on fixed cells and tissues.

Capillary Transfer in Blotting: Functions as the transfer buffer to move nucleic acids from gels to membranes.

Prehybridization/Blocking: Used to equilibrate membranes and reduce nonspecific probe binding before hybridization.

Nucleic Acid Dilution/Storage: Provides a stable ionic environment for short-term DNA/RNA probe dilution and handling.

Colony/Plaque Lifts: Buffer for preparing and washing membrane lifts from Escherichia coli colonies or phage plaques.