Affinity Chromatography Elution (Protein A/G): Acidic, high-ionic-strength buffer for rapid antibody elution while maintaining conductivity.

Antibody Stripping/Dissociation: Removes bound antibodies from cells or beads prior to re-probing or flow cytometry under controlled low-pH conditions.

Immunoassay Washes at Low pH: Reduces nonspecific interactions during ELISA/Western blot wash steps that require acidic buffers.

pH-Dependent Protein Stability/Precipitation Studies: Provides a defined low-pH, saline background for assessing solubility and aggregation behavior.

Sample Acidification and Dilution: Maintains ionic strength when adjusting samples to pH ~2.6 for LC/MS or HPLC workflows.

Cation-Exchange Chromatography Method Development: Low-pH, high-salt buffer for conditioning or step-elution in cation-exchange processes.

Protease Activity Suppression: Low pH helps minimize proteolysis during protein handling and storage.

Peptide/Protein Extraction: Acidic salt buffer to aid recovery from gels or complex matrices while limiting base-catalyzed degradation.