ELISA: Plate blocking, antibody/sample diluent, and wash buffer to reduce nonspecific binding and stabilize proteins.

Western Blotting: Membrane blocking and antibody incubation/wash buffer to minimize background during detection.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)/Immunocytochemistry (ICC)/Immunofluorescence (IF): Blocking and antibody diluent/wash buffer for fixed tissues and cells.

Flow Cytometry: Antibody staining buffer and wash for fixed cells to reduce nonspecific interactions and preserve reagents.

Bead-Based Immunoassays (e.g., Luminex): Sample and antibody diluent, blocking, and wash buffer to improve assay specificity.

Antibody Dilution/Storage: Short-term stabilization and dilution of antibodies and protein reagents with preservative.

Plate Washing: Low-background wash buffer for high-throughput immunoassays and microplate workflows.

General Laboratory Washes: Gentle surfactant-containing PBS for rinsing fixed cells, tissues, and surfaces in immunoassay workflows.