Bacterial Colony Isolation and Maintenance: Streaking and storage of Escherichia coli and other non-fastidious bacteria on LB Agar (1.0% Tryptone, 0.5% Yeast Extract, 1.0% Sodium Chloride, 1.5% Agar).

Selective Plating with Antibiotics: Isolation of plasmid-bearing transformants by adding appropriate antibiotics to the LB agar.

Post-Transformation Recovery Plating: Plating cells after heat-shock or electroporation to obtain recombinant colonies.

Blue-White Screening: Alpha-complementation screening on LB agar supplemented with X-Gal and IPTG.

Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) Enumeration: Serial dilution plating to quantify viable bacterial counts.

Phage Plaque Assays: Use as a base medium for bacteriophage plating with soft/top agar overlays.

Replica Plating: Transfer of colonies to identify auxotrophs or test growth under selective conditions.

Plasmid and Strain Maintenance: Routine culture and storage of lab strains such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Conjugation and Transduction Workflows: Mating and selection steps on LB agar for strain construction.