Bacterial Culture and Propagation: Routine growth of Escherichia coli and other non-fastidious bacteria for overnight cultures and biomass generation.

Plasmid Maintenance and Amplification: Expansion of recombinant E. coli strains for high-yield plasmid DNA prep.

Antibiotic Selection: Selection and maintenance of transformants carrying resistance markers when supplemented with appropriate antibiotics.

Transformation Recovery: Post-heat shock or electroporation outgrowth of E. coli to allow expression of antibiotic resistance.

Protein Expression Cultures: Starter and production cultures of recombinant E. coli for heterologous protein expression.

Glycerol Stock Preparation: Culturing prior to cryopreservation of laboratory strains for long-term storage.

Growth Kinetics and OD600 Measurements: Monitoring bacterial growth curves and assessing media or strain performance.

General Microbiology Workflows: Inoculum preparation, strain maintenance, and subculturing in standard cloning pipelines.