Isolation and maintenance of Escherichia coli strains: Routine streaking and culture preservation of laboratory E. coli on nutrient-rich plates.

Antibiotic selection of transformants: Plating transformed E. coli with antibiotics for plasmid selection and maintenance.

Plating of cloning reactions: Recovery and selection of colonies after ligation, Gibson, or Golden Gate assembly.

Colony screening (e.g., blue-white): Screening recombinant clones using X-gal/IPTG on LB Lennox agar.

Colony isolation and purification: Single-colony isolation from mixed cultures for pure strain derivation.

CFU enumeration: Viable cell counting and titering of bacterial cultures via spread or spiral plating.

Phage plaque assays (with soft agar overlay): Host lawn preparation for bacteriophage detection and titering.

Replica plating: Genotype/phenotype screening of bacterial colonies onto selective media.

Conjugation and genetic selection: Post-mating selection of donor/recipient transconjugants in E. coli and related bacteria.

General culturing of non-fastidious bacteria: Growth of organisms such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella enterica for routine laboratory work.