Bacterial Transformation Plating: Recovery and selection of transformed Escherichia coli (E. coli) on solid medium, with antibiotics as needed.

Cloning and Plasmid Propagation: Growth and maintenance of plasmid-bearing E. coli strains for downstream DNA prep.

Colony Isolation and Streaking: Isolation of single colonies and strain purification from mixed cultures of E. coli and related lab strains.

CFU Enumeration: Quantification of viable bacterial counts via spread or pour plating.

Antibiotic Selection: Screening for resistance markers (e.g., ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol) when plates are supplemented.

Blue-White Screening: α-complementation-based insert screening on plates supplemented with X‑gal/IPTG.

Phage Plaque Assays: Enumeration and characterization of bacteriophages using lawn cultures of E. coli.

Routine Culture Maintenance: Short-term storage and passaging of lab strains such as E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Pick-and-Patch Screening: Rapid screening of transformants or mutants onto selective and non-selective plates.

Microbial QC and Contamination Checks: Monitoring culture purity and detecting contaminants from liquid cultures.