Nucleic Acid Preservation (TE Buffer): Component of TE buffer to chelate Mg2+/Ca2+, protecting DNA/RNA from nuclease degradation.

DNA/RNA Extraction and Lysis: Inhibits metal-dependent nucleases during cell lysis and purification workflows.

Protein Purification: Chelates divalent cations to inhibit metalloproteases and protect proteins during purification and storage.

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Buffers: Used to make TAE/TBE buffers; EDTA chelates Mg2+ to safeguard nucleic acids during electrophoresis.

Enzyme Reaction Quenching: Stops Mg2+-dependent enzymatic reactions (e.g., polymerases, nucleases) by chelation.

Competent Cell Preparation: Weakens the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli to facilitate DNA uptake.

Metal Ion Depletion in Solutions: Removes trace divalent cations from buffers, reagents, and glassware to prevent unwanted catalytic activity.

Microbiology and Media Formulation: Controls bioavailable metal ions in culture media to modulate microbial growth and enzyme activity.