Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (DNA/RNA): Used as a 1X running buffer to separate plasmid DNA, PCR products, and restriction fragments.

Agarose Gel Casting: Employed to prepare agarose gels at 1X for consistent pH and ionic strength during runs.

DNA Recovery from Gels: Preferred for in-gel DNA extraction when downstream ligation, cloning, or transformation into E. coli is planned.

Sample and Ladder Preparation: Used to dilute DNA samples and ladders with TAE-compatible loading dyes before electrophoresis.

Southern/Northern Workflows: Applied for nucleic acid separation prior to blot transfer and hybridization.

Routine Molecular Biology and Teaching Labs: Standard buffer for everyday nucleic acid analysis and instructional exercises.