Protein Storage and Stabilization: Maintains pH and stabilizes proteins during short-term storage and handling.

Chromatography (Anion Exchange, Affinity, SEC): Used as a gentle equilibration or running buffer to preserve protein conformation.

Enzyme Assays and Dilutions: Provides stable pH and mild ionic strength for enzymatic activity and dilution of sensitive enzymes.

Sample Preparation for Electrophoresis: Adds density and stability to protein or nucleic acid samples prior to loading.

Dialysis and Buffer Exchange: Serves as a target buffer to remove incompatible salts or additives while maintaining protein integrity.

Recombinant Protein Workflows: Suitable for resuspension and processing of lysates from Escherichia coli expression systems.

Plasmid DNA Handling: Supports pH stability for plasmid resuspension, storage, and gentle manipulations.

Immunoassays (ELISA/Western): Used as a sample or reagent diluent where endotoxin-tested, sterile conditions are required.

Protein Concentration and Cleanup: Acts as a compatible buffer for ultrafiltration and desalting steps.

General Molecular Biology Workflows: All-purpose buffer for mixing, storage, and transport of sensitive biomolecules in endotoxin-sensitive applications.